Breathing techniques

Breathing is not merely an autonomous bodily function essential for survival—it is the vital bridge between prāṇa, body, mind, and emotion. There exists a direct relationship between the state of our body and the quality of our breath, as well as between our thoughts, emotions, prāṇic system, and respiration. When one aspect becomes disturbed, it inevitably affects the others; conversely, the regulation of one also helps to restore balance in the rest.

While stress can be considered a natural and healthy response to challenge or threat, anxiety is a prolonged reaction to stress. When sustained, it can lead to chronic mental tension, physical ailments, weakened immunity, and a general decline in wellbeing. Because it is often easier to regulate the breath than to directly control the mind or emotions, breathing techniques become a powerful tool for promoting mental health and addressing conditions such as chronic stress, anxiety, and their associated physical symptoms—such as rapid heartbeat, fatigue, or digestive disturbances.

The aim of breathing exercises is not only to enhance respiratory efficiency and retrain the autonomic system1 The autonomic system is the part of the nervous system that unconsciously regulates involuntary bodily functions like heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and digestion. but also, when integrated with other procedures, to support holistic self-management and overall health.

Although they are often confused due to their close interrelation, breathing techniques and prāṇāyāma are distinct practices with different methods and objectives. Breathing techniques are typically applied in the context of self-health management, whereas prāṇāyāma belongs to the domain of yoga practice, intended to cultivate concentration of mind and facilitate saṃyama (dhāraṇā, dhyāna, and samādhi). These represent entirely different contexts and purposes of practice.

The fundamental breathing techniques used in Navakaraṇa for the purpose of health management are: 

Diaphragmatic breathing

Mindful diaphragmatic breathing

Heartbeat breathing

Cathartic breathing

Voluntary hyperventilate breathing

Cooling breathing